Chapter 1: Arjuna Visada Yoga, verse 42
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च।
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥
Say itsaṅkaro narakāyaiva kula-ghnānāṁ kulasya cha
patanti pitaro hy eṣhāṁ lupta-piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ
Translation
Confusion of castes leads to hell for the slayers of the family, for their forebears fall, deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and libations of water.
Swami Sivananda
And the intermingling in the family leads the ruiners of the family verily into hell. The forefathers of these fall down (into hell) due to being deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and water.
Swami Gambirananda
Follows the commentary of Shankara (Advaita).
This mixing of classes leads to hell for the clan itself and its destroyers; for the spirits of their ancestors fall degraded, deprived of the ritual offerings of food and water.
Swami Adidevananda
Follows the commentary of Ramanuja (Vishishtadvaita).
The intermixture leads the family-ruiners and their families to nothing but hell; for, their ancestors (their individual souls) fall down [in hell], being deprived of the rites of offering rice-balls and water [intended for them].
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan
Follows the commentary of Abhinavagupta (Kashmir Shaivism).
Promiscuity ruins both the family and those who defile it; while the souls of our ancestors droop, due to the lack of funeral cakes and ablutions.
Shri Purohit Swami
वर्णसंकर कुलघातियों को और कुल को नरक में ले जानेवाला ही होता है। श्राद्ध और तर्पण न मिलने से इन- (कुलघातियों-) के पितर भी अपने स्थान से गिर जाते हैं।
Swami Ramsukhdas
वह वर्णसंकर कुलघातियों को और कुल को नरक में ले जाने का कारण बनता है। पिण्ड और जलदान की क्रिया से वंचित इनके पितर भी नरक में गिर जाते हैं।
Swami Tejomayananda
Classical commentariesFor deeper study. Most are in the original Sanskrit.
Advaita
Non-dual: the self and the absolute are one.
Vishishtadvaita
Qualified non-dual: souls are real parts of the divine.
Dvaita
Dual: the soul and God are eternally distinct.
Shuddhadvaita
Pure non-dual, centred on grace and devotion.
Kashmir Shaivism
The Gita read through Trika Shaiva philosophy.
Modern teachers
20th-century teachers writing for today's readers.