Chapter 18: Moksha Sanyaas Yoga, verse 32
अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसाऽऽवृता।
सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥
Say itadharmaṁ dharmam iti yā manyate tamasāvṛitā
sarvārthān viparītānśh cha buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī
Translation
That intellect, O Arjuna, which is enveloped in darkness and sees Adharma as Dharma and all things perverted, is Tamasic (dark).
Swami Sivananda
O Partha, that intellect is born of tamas which, being covered by darkness, considers vice as virtue, and indeed perceives all things contrary to what they are.
Swami Gambirananda
Follows the commentary of Shankara (Advaita).
That Buddhi, O Arjuna, which, enveloped in darkness, regards Adharma as Dharma and reverses every value, is Tamasika.
Swami Adidevananda
Follows the commentary of Ramanuja (Vishishtadvaita).
The intellect which, containing darkness (ignorance), conceives the unrighteous one as righteous and all things topsy-turvy—that intellect is deemed to be of the Tamas (Strand).
Dr. S. Sankaranarayan
Follows the commentary of Abhinavagupta (Kashmir Shaivism).
And that which, shrouded in Ignorance, thinks wrong to be right, and sees everything perversely, O Arjuna, that intellect is ruled by Darkness.
Shri Purohit Swami
हे पृथानन्दन ! तमोगुणसे घिरी हुई जो बुद्धि अधर्मको धर्म और सम्पूर्ण चीजोंको उलटा मान लेती है, वह तामसी है।
Swami Ramsukhdas
हे पार्थ ! तमस् (अज्ञान अन्ध:कार) से आवृत जो बुद्धि अधर्म को ही धर्म मानती है और सभी पदार्थों को विपरीत रूप से जानती है, वह बुद्धि तामसी है।
Swami Tejomayananda
Classical commentariesFor deeper study. Most are in the original Sanskrit.
Advaita
Non-dual: the self and the absolute are one.
Vishishtadvaita
Qualified non-dual: souls are real parts of the divine.
Dvaita
Dual: the soul and God are eternally distinct.
Shuddhadvaita
Pure non-dual, centred on grace and devotion.
Kashmir Shaivism
The Gita read through Trika Shaiva philosophy.
Modern teachers
20th-century teachers writing for today's readers.